General
Affiliate - A local station that subscribes to the
services and programs of a network.
Anchor - The newscaster who hosts the studio
portion of the newscast. The anchor is the dominant voice in the
presentation of the news to the audience. S/he must be proficient in
writing, producing, and editing the news.
AP
Wire - Associated Press news service that supplies international,
national and regional information and stories. These are almost always
rewritten before airing.
Back timing - A convenient way of counting down the
length of a newscast. This tells you when each story must run in
order for your newscast to end on time.
Beats
– specific public institutions or areas of concern for which specific
reporters in a newsroom are responsible watching. (e.g.: county reporter,
health reporter, education reporter, courts reporter)
Beat
Checks - Using a telephone to search for and tape news stories from a
list of agencies. A good beat check would be comprised of the
sheriff's offices, fire department, local police, state highway
patrol, DNR, local hospitals, and other government agencies that routinely
handle breaking stories.
Break
– place designated within broadcast programming during which
commercials run.
Bumpers –
small teases (with or without audio/video) that come at the end of one newscast
segment often previewing what is coming up in the rest of the newscast.
Call
Letters - A station's legal ID (for example, WBIZ-EAU CLAIRE) is
a legal ID, Z-104 is not a legal ID).
Cold Copy - aka; Rip-n-Read - A script not seen by an announcer until
the moment s/he reads it.
Consultants
– firms, groups, individuals hired by broadcast organizations to give
advice on presentation, content, trends, viewer habits and preferences
Control
Room - Where the technical equipment for putting a newscast on the air
is kept and operated.
Cue –
usually a physical signal by engineer or other technical person indicting to
anchor to perform a task (start reading, wrap up, go to break).
Cue
Up - Putting a sound bite, package, wrap, voicer, or other
recorded material at its beginning.
Dub -
to make a recording of a recording.
Edit -
To condense or revise material. For example:
n physical - to cut tape with a razor.
-- electronic –
putting segments of a story together in a sequential manner
n content - to demand a re-focus or rewrite of a story.
n Non-linear – edit done on computer where segments can be put
together out of sequence.
Engineer –
Technical personnel who can both operate, maintain and repair
equipment.
Feed -
A live or recorded report, or a set of recorded reports sent to a
station/newsroom via satellite, phone, or other device for inclusion in a news
program.
Feedback -
An ear-splitting squeal or howl caused when sound from a loudspeaker is picked
up by a microphone and reamplified. Feedback can also happen
when the output for a given tape deck or other device is fed back into its own
input.
“Happy
Talk” – the casual banter that goes on between news anchors and other
“on-air” people. Mostly considered light hearted.
Headlines –
A kind of "tease" read at the beginning of a newscast.
Kicker - An offbeat or humorous story that
typically is used to mark the end of the news segment and the beginning of the
sports/weather segment. The kicker can also be used to end a
newscast.
News feeds - feeds of stories/actualities sent to affiliates by
networks for air on the individual stations.
Lead
– first line/paragraph of body of story that summarizes/indicates most
important information.
Lead-in
– broadcast term for beginning part of story news anchor reads
introducing the story and/or person reporting story.
Lead
story (aka Lead) – first story in a newscast or segment (in
broadcasting) or a story that is above the fold in print-this considered the
most important news story of the day.
Outcue – usually the last thing a reporter says in either a live or
recorded news story (i.e. PKG) indicating the piece is ending. (Example: “FOR
UPDATE NEWS, I’M BILL SMITH.”)
Outro –
usually the “Goodbye” or end segment of a newscast often during which
news/wx/sports anchors engage in “happy talk.”
Producer/Editor – Plans and supervises newscast. Can
also work with reporters in the field planning and gathering information for
stories.
Pronouncer -
Phonetic spelling of a difficult word or name (i.e. Greg Louganis =
Greg loo-GAY-nuss).
P-S-A -
aka Public Service Announcement - An advertisement for a not- for-profit
organization such as the American Heart Association, Partnership for a
Drug-Free America, etc..).
Reader -
A story read by anchor without any audio/video.
Ratings – measuring units used to tell broadcasters how
many households and/or viewers have their stations/programs on at a particular
time. This information is used in determining how much station will charge
advertising for commercial time.
Rundown
-aka; Lineup - A chronological outline or order of stories or segments
to be used in a newscast. This is the producer's blueprint for the
newscast.
Running
Time - Refers either to the estimated time or the actual time of a
newscast. Producers/editors should always estimate the running time
of the newscast based on the actual time of
each recorded report and her or his best guess as to the
time of each intro and each story to be read by the anchor.
Satellite
feed – can be either news or programming feed that is generated from a
distant remote location and transmitted via a satellite. Very often live
interviews with news makers or other news people are conducted this way.
Sound
Bed - aka: natural sound (natsot) A type of background
audio that complements the news report. For instance, the sound of protesters
is played underneath the reporter's in-studio story concerning the opening of a
nuclear plant.
Spots (aka Commercials) – individual commercials that run during
breaks.
Spot
News – An unexpected event that can be covered in various ways
Story
Tag – Closing to a story
package, live shot, or on-set piece usually read by the story report but can
also be read by an anchor.
Upcut - Turning on the microphone after the
anchor has begun speaking or before and anchor/reporter has stopped speaking.
Television
B-Roll – video that is shot for a TV news story
and used to visualize the script the reporter/anchor has written.
EZ
News – the newsroom computer software. It allows you to create news rundowns,
write stories for newscasts, print scripts, have teleprompter all from the same
location/server.
Natural
Sound - aka Nat Sound, Nat S-O-T, or Ambient Sound - Background voices, music, machinery,
waterfalls, and other environmental sounds that are recorded on-scene and used
to create a sound bed for a recorded or live report. Primarily used
for setting a mood or providing atmosphere for a report. This technique is
frequently overused, but when used properly it adds immeasurably to a story.
Nielsen
– service primarily used in determining television ratings.
Live
shot/Live Report – A TV news story during which a
news anchor or reporter is live at a remote location. Within this report
can be included a SOT, VO/SOT or PKG.
On-Set
Appearance – Reporter appears on set and is introduced by a news
anchor. The reporter can than introduce his/her news package or report his/her
story from there.
Package
(PKG) - A report from a correspondent that contains a sound bite
inserted between the introduction and the epilogue (usually inserted after the
reporter's second or third sentence). These need an in-studio lead
for the anchor.
Sound
bite (SOT) - edited slice of a newsmaker speaking. Similar to
actuality in radio except the person can be seen. Often
several SOT can be spliced together with the edits cover with video.
These can be included in PKGs and VO/SOTs or can stand alone.
Stand-up –
part of package with reporter on screen reading/presenting information.
Voiceover
(VO) – A TV news story during which a news anchor or reporter reads a
script live as video is played.
Voiceover-to-sound(VO/SOT) –
A TV news story during which a news anchor or reporter reads a script live as
video is played up to a place when a news maker video/audio sound bite is
played. At the end of the SOT, the reporter or anchor resumes reading with or
without additional video.
Novelisation: Making of
a book from a film
A
Radio
Actuality - aka Sound
Bite, Sound-on-tape (SOT), Cut - edited slice of a newsmaker speaking. When used
effectively, the use of an actuality adds to the effectiveness of a report. It
also distinguishes a wrap from a voicer.
Arbitron - service
primarily used in determining radio ratings.
R-O-S-R - aka Radio On Scene
Report - Usually
broadcast from the scene as an event happens, or at least recorded at the scene
of an event for later broadcast. An example would be coverage of a demonstration
at City Hall where people are loudly protesting. The outcue for
this is always "At (i.e. City Hall) , I'M LENA SMITH FOR
THE NEWS AT FIVE-FIFTY," in that order.
Voicer - A recorded in-studio report that
contains no sound bites. A good example is coverage of an on
going trial during which you were unable to get audio of the trial or an
actuality but can provide details of the days events. These need an
in-studio lead for the anchor.
Wrap - aka Wraparound
(or in television lingo, a Package) - A report from a correspondent that contains an
actuality(s) inserted between the introduction and the epilogue (usually
inserted after the reporter's second or third sentence). These need
an in-studio lead for the anchor.
Wrap/live -
basically the same as the wrap in that the information is collected and written
the same. However, if the reporter is also working as an anchor that week in
the lab, only the sound-bites are recorded and replayed during the newscast
while the anchor/reporter reads his/her script live.
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