Models of SIGN-1/ C.S.Pierce Model

3 Models : Studies how signs signify or derive meaning.

C.S.Pierce Model

Ogden and Richard Model

Ferdinand d Saussure Model

Sign has 3 elements: 1.Sign( could be anything: pictorial, word etc.)

                                          2.Which it refer.(Object or external reality, associated with sign )

                                         3. User of Sign.( Interpretant or person using it)

C.S.Pierce Model

According to this model , A sign is something which stands to somebody in some respect or capacity.

Here, in this model  three elements of sign : sign, object and interpret ant, are represented in a Triangle......in fig, 

that are closely related to each other and share equatorial relation. 

where the interpretation is based on the mental concepts which the user has based on his experiences, beliefs or convention. Thus it is not fixed, hence social and psychological differences exist.

SIGN

Are human constructs and can only be understood in terms of the uses people put them to. 

for example the pics below: 

each and every pic represent something, like Toilet sign of Men and Women, Victory sign, Physical handicap sign, all these are human construct,  and we are deriving meaning from these signs because we learned the use of these  since our birth.

Image:by-Abhishek Malhotra

Image:by-Abhishek Malhotra

Image:by-Abhishek Malhotra

Image:by-Abhishek Malhotra

The Study of signs and the way they work is called Semiotics or Semiology.

In Semiotics models make no distinction between encoder and decoder .  here decoding is seen as active and creative as encoding unlike in Models of Communication

In  Semiotics, communication is not seen as merely a process going through stages, but concentrate on structured set of relationships which enable a message  to signify something,   that means, communication is seen as generation of meanings in message whether by encoder or decoder. Thus it focuses on texts and receiver .

Here receiver is seen as playing more active role and is known as Reader. The reader helps to create the meaning of the text by bringing to it his or her experience , attitude and emotion.

Semiotics Studies areas: Culture, Codes, Signs

Codes: Systems into which signs are organized. It covers the ways that a variety of codes have developed in order to meet the needs of society or culture or to exploit the channels of communication.

Culture: Under which both codes and signs are operate.

For example: Western World and Asian world are two different cultures, and under this they have their own codes (rules) which are being followed that can be showcased in any behavior ( sign )